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What is a wind turbine?

A wind turbine is a machine that converts the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy.

Here you can buy a small wind turbine for personal use that can power a caravan or boat.

What are wind turbines made of?

• Wind turbine: The turbine that consists of many blades acts to convert the energy from the wind into mechanical energy.
• Generator: Converting the mechanical energy to electrical energy.
• Speed booster: It used to boost the speed of the wind turbine in order to fulfill the necessary requirements by the generator.
• High plate: This regulates the windward direction of the wind turbine.

How does a wind turbine work?

Wind-driven: The wind causes the propeller-like blades of the turbine to turn around a rotor. The rotor, in this case, is the central part of a wind turbine that connects to the blades.

Energy conversion: The rotation of the rotor turns a generator-a device to change mechanical energy, or rotation of the rotor, into electrical energy.

Basically, the working principle of the wind turbines begins with an aerodynamic nature, since they use forces generated by the rotor blades to convert energy produced by wind into electrical. Rotor blades operate much like airplane wings or helicopter rotor blades.

Air Pressure Difference and Lift: Wind blowing over the top of the blade lowers the air pressure on one side of the blades, creating a difference in air pressure between the two sides of the blades. Thus, there is a creation of pressure difference, which gives rise to the lift and drag.

The lift and drag are: The lift force is greater than the drag force. Because of the lift, the rotor would be spinning. Lift, would be the upward force generated by the high air velocity with low pressure above the blade and drag as the backward force due to the relative motion of the blade against the wind.

In the case of a direct-drive turbine, it is connected directly to the generator; otherwise, this is achieved via a shaft and a set of gears called gearbox. That increases the speed of the rotation so the generator may generate the current more efficiently and allows smaller generators to be used.

It helps in the ultimate conversion of aerodynamic forces into generator rotation for electrical energy production. The essential function of a wind turbine, therefore, is to utilize natural wind energy and convert it into electrical energy.

What are the advantages of wind turbines

• Environmental protection: As wind energy serves as clean energy, no air pollutants are produced; it contributes to reducing greenhouse gases and protects the environment.
• Energy Independence: The use of wind energy reduces reliance on imported fossil fuels and enhances national energy security with economic stability.
• Sustainability: Wind belongs to the renewable resources category. It cannot run out of it, and hence it is a long-term sustainable energy solution.
• Technological innovation: The exploitation of wind energy has driven innovation within the engineering and technological sectors; in many instances, such technological innovation has spillover benefits for other areas of renewable energy and S&T in general.